1. Sabhiya (Sambhiya). The constant attendant of Phussa Buddha. J.i.41; Bu.xix.19.
2. Sabhiya Thera. His mother was a nobleman's daughter whose parents had committed her to the charge of a Paribbájaka, that she might learn various doctrines and usages. The Paribbájaka seduced her, and, when she was with child, the fraternity abandoned her. Her child was born in the open (sabháyam), while she was wandering about alone hence his name. When Sabhiya grew up he, in his turn, became a Paribbájaka and was famous as a dialectician. He had a hermitage by the city gate, where he gave lessons to the sons of noblemen and others. He devised twenty questions, which he put before recluses and brahmins, but none could answer them. These questions had been handed on to him by his mother who had developed insight and had been reborn in a Brahma world. (But see Sabhiya Sutta 1). Then, as related in the Sabhiya Sutta 1, Sabhiya visited the Buddha in Veluvana and, at the end of the discussion, entered the Order, where, developing insight, he won arahantship.
In the time of Kakusandha Buddha he was a householder and gave the Buddha a pair of sandals. After Kassapa Buddha's death he, with six others, joined the Order and lived in the forest. Failing to develop jhána, they went to the top of a mountain, determined to reach some attainment or to die of starvation. The eldest became an arahant, the next became an anágámí and was reborn in the Suddhávasá. The remaining five died without achieving their aim. These five were, in this age, Pukkusáti, Sabhiya, Báhiya, Kumárakassapa and Dabbamallaputta. ThagA.i.381f.; SNA.ii.419ff.; Ap.ii.473; DhA.ii.212.
Sabhiya is mentioned as an example of a pandita Paribbájaka (SA.ii.188). A series of verses spoken by him, in admonishing monks who sided with Devadatta, are given in the Theragáthá (vs. 275 8; see also Mtu.iii.389ff.).
Yasadatta (q.v.) was Sabhiya's companion.
3. Sabhiya. A Paribbájaka, perhaps identical with Sabhiya (2). The Samyutta (S.iv.401f ) records a discussion which took place at Ńátiká between him and Vacchagotta on various questions, such as the existence of the Buddha after death, etc. In this sutta, Sabhiya is addressed as Kaccána, and he says that he had then been three years in the Order. It is probably this same Paribbájaka who is mentioned as Abhiya Kaccána in the Anuruddha Sutta. M.iii.148f.
1. Sabhiya Sutta. The sixth sutta of the Mahávagga of the Sutta Nipáta (SN., pp. 91f). A devatá, who in a previous life had been a relation of Sabhiya (see Sabhiya 1), asks him a series of questions and exhorts him to join the Order of any recluse who can answer them satisfactorily. Sabhiya wanders about asking his questions of several well known teachers; failing to find satisfaction, he visits the Buddha in Veluvana at Rájagaha and is given permission to ask anything he wishes, the Buddha promising to solve his difficulties. Then follows a series of questions answered by the Buddha. Sabhiya, in the end, asks permission to join the Buddha's Order. This permission is given, and after the usual probationary period of four months, he becomes an arahant.
According to the Theragáthá Commentary (ThagA.i.382), quoted also in the Sutta Nipáta Commentary, the questions were formulated by Sabhiya's mother, who, feeling revulsion for her womanhood, developed the jhánas and was reborn in a Brahma world. But the Sutta Nipáta Commentary itself (SNA.ii.421) says that they were taught to Sabhiya by an anágámí Brahmá, who had been a fellow celibate of Sabhiya in the time of Kassapa Buddha's dispensation. The Sutta is also called Sabhiya pucchá, and is given (E.g., DA.i.155) as an example of the Buddha's sabbańńupavárana, his willingness to answer any question whatever without restriction.
It is said (ThagA.i.427) that Yasadatta, Sabhiya's companion, was present at the discussion with the Buddha and listened eagerly hoping for a chance of criticism. But the Buddha read his thoughts and admonished him at the end of the sutta.
The questions contained in the sutta had been asked and answered in the time of Kassapa Buddha, too, but, while the questions remained, the answers disappeared. VibhA., p. 432.
2. Sabhiya Sutta. Records the discussion between Sabhiya Kaccána (Sabhiya 2) and Vacchagotta. S.iv.401f.